Our Camden Dentists Treat Malocclusion: Overbite, Underbite, and Crossbite
Malocclusion is the technical term that refers to a misaligned set of teeth. Specifically, the incorrect relation between the teeth on the top and bottom jaws. Ideally, these teeth should fit together neatly when the jaw closes. But it is not uncommon for the top teeth to be too far forward, or too far back. Or else they might be positioned further to one side or the other. The three primary types of malocclusions are overbite, underbite, and crossbite. Their can be long-term implications for our oral health if these conditions are not resolved.
Overbite
Overbite, also known as a deep bite, is where the top row of teeth are significantly further forward than the bottom row. Ideally the top row of teeth should be very slightly forward, slightly in front of the bottom row, but still touching. This condition can vary in severity. And the treatments vary accordingly. Sometimes the top teeth only protrude slightly. Sometimes the condition is so extreme the lower teeth are almost completely hidden by the upper teeth.
Overbite can be caused by:
- Some of us are just born that way.
- Prolonged thumb sucking or pacifier use in childhood
- Habits such as nail-biting or tongue thrusting
- Abnormal jaw development
Untreated Overbite can cause long term Problems
- There is some increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease due to difficulty in cleaning overlapping teeth.
- Often here can be ongoing wear and tear on the lower teeth, leading to enamel erosion.
- Patients may suffer jaw pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
- Sometimes there can be speech difficulties
Underbite
An underbite is the opposite of the overbite. This is where the lower front teeth protrude in front of the upper front teeth. The condition is also known as a Class III malocclusion. It will very often give the chin a prominent appearance and will probably make chewing and speaking at least a little difficult.
Underbite can be caused by
- Genetic factors
- Prolonged thumb sucking or pacifier use in childhood
- An injury to the jaw
- Tumours in the mouth or jaw
Untreated Underbite can cause long term Problems
- Increased wear on the teeth, leading to enamel wear and potential tooth loss
- Difficulty with chewing and biting food
- There are often speech difficulties
- Jaw pain and increased risk of TMJ disorders
- Higher incidences of tooth decay and gum disease due to improper alignment and difficult in cleaning.
Crossbite
A crossbite occurs when the upper teeth do not meet squarely with the lower teeth. Either the top or bottom teeth are off to one side. This often affects the appearance of the person’s face, with their jaw and face appearing asymmetrical.
Crossbite can be caused by:
- Genetic predisposition
- An injury to the jaw
- Delayed loss of primary (baby) teeth
- Misaligned jaw growth
- Thumb sucking and prolonged use of a pacifier
Long-term Consequences of Untreated Crossbite
- Greatly increased tooth wear and fracture due to abnormal biting forces
- Increased risk of gum disease and bone loss around affected teeth
- Asymmetrical jaw growth and facial asymmetry
- Jaw pain and TMJ disorders
Our Camden Dentists Treatment Options
Treating malocclusion is essential to prevent the long-term complications associated with these conditions. Treatment options can be broadly categorized into orthodontic and dental approaches.
Orthodontic Treatments for Jaw Alignment Issues.
Braces
Traditional metal braces are the most common orthodontic treatment for overbite, underbite, and crossbite. They can treat almost everything from minor to moderately severe malocclusion. Often, they will treat the jaw alignment issues and some crooked teeth at the same time. Braces usually consist of metal brackets and wires that gradually move teeth into their proper positions. But some modern braces use ceramic or clear brackets. Braces will take about two years to perform corrections.
Clear Aligners
Clear aligners, such as Invisalign, are a modern alternative to braces that are more popular with adults. These are a series of custom-made, removable aligners, replaced every few weeks, that gradually shift teeth into alignment. They are reasonably unnoticeable.
Palatal Expander
Palatal expanders are used to widen the upper jaw in cases of crossbite. This device fits over several upper teeth and gradually expands the palate to correct the alignment.
Headgear
In severe cases of overbite or underbite, orthodontic headgear may be necessary. Headgear applies pressure to the teeth and jaw to guide their growth and alignment.
Dental Treatments for Jaw Alignment Issues
Veneers
Veneers are thin, custom-made shells that cover the front surface of teeth. They can be used to correct minor alignment issues by bringing a row of teeth a few millimetres forward. They will also improve the aesthetics of the teeth themselves. This is probably the least invasive option, and reasonably quick to perform. But it will only work with minor overbite or underbite.
Tooth Extraction
In cases where overcrowding is a contributing factor to malocclusion, tooth extraction may be necessary to create space for proper alignment.
Dental Crowns and Bridges
Dental crowns and bridges can be used to reshape and align teeth in cases of minor malocclusion. These restorations can improve both function and appearance.
Jaw Surgery
For the most severe cases of malocclusion, especially underbite and crossbite, orthognathic (jaw) surgery may be necessary. This surgical procedure realigns the jaw to improve function and appearance.
Conclusion
Overbite, underbite, and crossbite can have significant long-term effects if left untreated. Fortunately, there are a variety of orthodontic and dental treatment options. And most minor or moderate issues can be rectified using standard dental braces. Early diagnosis and treatment by qualified Camden dentists or orthodontists can help achieve the best outcome. In some cases addressing and preventing the issue while it is still developing. If you suspect you or your child has a malocclusion, consult with your dentist to explore the best treatment options for your needs.
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